MEMRISTORS 2025

Experimental validation of small-signal memristor models: linking jacobian dynamics to frequency-domain response

  • Gater, Michael (School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham)
  • Picos, Rodrigo (Industrial Eng. Dept, Universitat de les Illes Balears)
  • de Benito, Carol (Industrial Eng. Dept, Universitat de les Illes Balears)
  • Camps, Oscar (Industrial Eng. Dept, Universitat de les Illes Balears)
  • G. Stavrinides, Stavros (Physics Dept, Democritus University of Thrace)
  • Adawi, Ali (Faculty of Physics, University of Hull)
  • T. Kemp, Neil (School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham)
  • O. Chua, Leon (Dept. of Electrical Eng. and Computer Sciences, University of California)

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This paper introduces a unified theoretical and experimental framework for constructing the small-signal model of memristive devices from first principles. By analyzing the Jacobian of the memristor’s governing equations — governing both resistance r(x) and state dynamics f(x,vM) — we establish a direct link to its frequency-domain impedance characteristics. The derived model reveals a unique pole-zero structure in the small-signal response, distinguishing memristors from conventional resistors, capacitors, and inductors in the fundamental hierarchy of circuit elements. Experimentally, we fabricate and characterize PEO-based memristor crossbar devices, observing pinched hysteresis in DC IV curves and frequency-dependent impedance profiles that align with theoretical predictions. Bode plot analysis further confirms the Jacobian-dependent pole and zero locations, with consistent validation across devices and input amplitudes. Our approach provides a general methodology for probing internal state dynamics (dx/dt) without prior assumptions about physical mechanisms, offering valuable insights for memristor characterization and compact modeling.